e5-small

About

What e5-small is

E5-small-v2 Text Embeddings by Weakly-Supervised Contrastive Pre-training. Liang Wang, Nan Yang, Xiaolong Huang, Binxing Jiao, Linjun Yang, Daxin Jiang, Rangan Majumder, Furu Wei, arXiv 2022 This model has 12 layers and the embedding size is 384. Usage Below is an example to encode queries and passages from the MS-MARCO passage ranking dataset. Training Details Please refer to our paper at https://arxiv.org/pdf/2212.03533.pdf. Benchmark Evaluation Check out unilm/e5 to reproduce evaluation results on the BEIR and MTEB benchmark. Support for Sentence Transformers Below is an example for usage with sentencetransformers. Package requirements pip install sentencetransformers~=2.2.2 Contributors: michaelfeil FAQ 1. Do I need to add the prefix "query: " and "passage: " to input texts? Yes, this is how the model is trained, otherwise you will see a performance degradation. Here are some rules of thumb: - Use "query: " and "passage: " correspondingly for asymmetric tasks such as passage retrieval in open QA, ad-hoc information retrieval. - Use "query: " prefix for symmetric tasks such as semantic similarity, paraphrase retrieval. - Use "query: " prefix if you want to use embeddings as features, such as linear probing classification, clustering. 2. Why are my reproduced results slightly different from reported in the model card? Different versions of transformers and pytorch could cause negligible but non-zero performance differences. 3. Why does the cosine similarity scores distribute around 0.7 to 1.0? This is a known and expected behavior as we use a low temperature 0.01 for InfoNCE contrastive loss. For text embedding tasks like text retrieval or semantic similarity, what matters is the relative order of the scores instead of the absolute values, so this should not be an issue. Citation If you find our paper or models helpful, please consider cite as follows: Limitations This model only works for English texts. Long texts will be truncated to at most 512 tokens.

Summarised from the published model card. Read the full card on the HuggingFace links below.

Specifications

What it is

How it works

How embedding models work

Variants

Sizes & precisions

Open weights ship in several sizes and precisions. One page, all the variants — pick the one that fits your GPU. VRAM figures are estimates from model size.

Benchmarks

Reported results

As published on the model card — the maker's own numbers, not measured by AxForge.

Using it via the API

Call it like any OpenAI endpoint

Once AxForge deploys e5-small for you, it answers on the OpenAI-compatible API — the same base URL and keys as every other model. (e5-small below is illustrative; you get the exact model name on deployment.)

$ curl -sS https://api.axforge.ai/v1/embeddings \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $AXFORGE_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"model":"e5-small","input":"text to embed"}'

Details

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Papers

Licence

Open weights

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