Model reference · open weights

Mellum2

LLMs JetBrains Text gen 1 build Open weights 16k dl/mo

Mellum2 is an open-weight language model from JetBrains. Mellum2-12B-A2.5B-Base (BF16) weighs 24.3 GB; the smallest configuration that runs it is 2× RTX 4060 Ti 16 GB.

Mellum2 is a 12.1B parameter Mixture-of-Experts causal language model developed by JetBrains for text generation. It supports a context length of 131,072 tokens and is designed as a base checkpoint for fine-tuning, alignment, or domain adaptation. The model is trained on English text and released under the Apache 2.0 license.

Summary of the JetBrains/Mellum2-12B-A2.5B-Base model card, 2026-10-01

What it is

Released byJetBrains
TypeLanguage models
TaskText gen
Parameters (lead)12.1B
Context131,072 tokens
Runs withtransformers
Released2026-05-26
Popularity16k downloads / month
Weights24.3 GB (Mellum2-12B-A2.5B-Base (BF16), file size)
LicenceOpen weights

What it runs on

Memory and cards for Mellum2-12B-A2.5B-Base (BF16)

Weights 24.3 GB (file size) · KV cache 14 MB per 1,000 tokens of context, at 16 bits (vLLM's default for this build; an 8-bit cache halves it) · plus 220 MB a request for its sliding-window layers · runtime overhead from 1.2 GB on a small card · context up to 131,072 tokens.

CardRequests at once
8K tokens each
Requests at once
32K tokens each
Longest single
request
Counted
memory
RTX 3060 12 GB … RTX 4090 24 GB
4 smaller cards
———
RTX 5090 32 GB168all 128K31.0 GB
L40S 48 GB5426all 128K44.0 GB
A100 80 GB15676all 128K78.2 GB
H100 80 GB10139all 128K78.1 GB
RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell 96 GB13451all 128K93.8 GB
DGX Spark (GB10) 128 GB unified16363all 128K107 GB
H200 141 GB22888all 128K138 GB
B200 180 GB30476all 128K176 GB
2× RTX 4060 Ti 16 GB
tensor parallel
126all 128K15.4 GB a card
2× RTX 4090 24 GB
tensor parallel
5929all 128K23.4 GB a card
2× RTX 3090 24 GB
tensor parallel
5929all 128K23.4 GB a card
Memory needed at each load
Requests at once8K tokens each32K tokens each
125.8 GB26.1 GB
527.1 GB28.9 GB
828.2 GB31.0 GB
1630.9 GB36.5 GB
3236.3 GB47.5 GB
6447.1 GB69.6 GB

On one card, with vLLM's small-card settings (2,048 tokens a step). Cards of 70 GB and more reserve more per request and more overhead — each row above uses its own card's settings.

Estimates, not measurements, checked against published vLLM startup logs. The weights are the build's file size; the cache is calculated from its config (attention with sliding-window layers); the overhead is an estimate of vLLM's own memory with that card's default settings. "Requests at once" is how many requests of that length vLLM admits — its reservation at full length, with --max-model-len set to that length; requests that stay shorter fit more. "Longest single request" is the most one request can hold there: below the model's maximum, vLLM starts only with --max-model-len set at or under it. "Counted memory" is vLLM's default 92 % of what CUDA reports for the card (the DGX Spark: about 100 GiB of its shared 128 GB). A tensor-parallel split pools the cards' memory and speeds each token up, at the cost of the link between them; a layer split (llama.cpp) holds more but does not make one request faster. Assumes vLLM 0.10 or later.

From the model card

What JetBrains says about Mellum2

Read the model card

[!Note] Use this checkpoint as the starting point for your own fine-tuning, alignment, or domain adaptation on top of the long-context base. For instruction-following or reasoning tasks out of the box, use Instruct or Thinking instead.

Mellum2 Base Highlights

Mellum2 Base is a long-context pretrained causal language model trained by JetBrains.

The model uses a Mixture-of-Experts architecture with 64 experts and activates 8 experts per token. It uses a combination of sliding-window and full attention layers, with a context length of 131,072 tokens.

This is the long-context base, produced from Mellum2-12B-A2.5B-Base-Pretrain by a layer-selective YaRN extension stage that re-maps RoPE frequencies on the global-attention layers only. It is the shared starting point for the released Instruct and Thinking variants.

Mellum2 Model Family

This repository contains one checkpoint from the Mellum2 family.

CheckpointDescription
Base PretrainBase checkpoint before long-context extension
BaseFinal base model
Instruct SFTSupervised instruction-tuned checkpoint
Thinking SFTSupervised thinking checkpoint
InstructRL-tuned instruction model
ThinkingRL-tuned thinking model

Model Overview

Mellum2 Base has the following features:

  • Number of Layers: 28
  • Hidden Size: 2304
  • Intermediate Size: 7168
  • MoE Intermediate Size: 896
  • Number of Experts: 64
  • Number of Activated Experts: 8
  • Number of Attention Heads (GQA): 32 for Q and 4 for KV
  • Context Length: 131,072
  • Sliding Window: 1,024
  • Vocabulary Size: 98,304
  • Precision: bfloat16

Serving with vLLM

vllm serve JetBrains/Mellum2-12B-A2.5B-Base --max-model-len 131072

Quickstart

Text-Only Input (base model — use the completions endpoint, not chat)

from openai import OpenAI
# Configured by environment variables
client = OpenAI()

completion = client.completions.create(
    model="JetBrains/Mellum2-12B-A2.5B-Base",
    prompt="def fibonacci(n):\n    ",
    max_tokens=81920,
    temperature=0.6,
    top_p=0.95,
    extra_body={
        "top_k": 20,
    },
)
print("Completion:", completion)

Evaluation

Mellum2 Base pretraining results compared with similarly-sized open base models. All values are self-reported by JetBrains.

BenchmarkMellum2 (12B-A2.5B)OLMo-3 (7B)Qwen2.5 (7B)Qwen3 (4B)Qwen3.5 (4B)
Code Generation
HumanEval41.545.155.557.350.0
HumanEval+37.239.647.051.243.9
MBPP62.450.663.667.052.2
MBPP+61.452.964.064.555.0
MultiPL-E (7 langs)21.010.019.226.012.1
CRUXEval-I45.438.844.044.649.1
CRUXEval-O43.936.642.943.543.2
Knowledge & Reasoning
MMLU70.962.171.871.174.2
MMLU-Pro59.334.548.651.552.4
BBH74.963.669.071.380.2
ARC-Challenge53.553.651.351.254.9
HellaSwag73.774.278.973.775.3
WinoGrande65.569.573.371.270.8
TruthfulQA MC244.547.056.453.552.1
Math & Science
GSM8K81.773.581.982.080.1
MATH10.018.724.627.725.3
GPQA Diamond31.328.832.836.941.4
GPQA Main35.027.934.236.840.2

For more details, see the Mellum2 Technical Report.

License

Released under the Apache 2.0 license.

Quoted from the model card on Hugging Face — the full card is behind the Hugging Face link above.

Benchmarks

Reported results

As published on the model card — the maker's own numbers, not measured by AxForge.

TaskDatasetMetricScore
Text GenerationHumanEvalpass@141.460
Text GenerationHumanEval+pass@137.200
Text GenerationMBPPpass@162.400
Text GenerationMBPP+pass@178.310
Text GenerationMultiPL-E HumanEval, 7 languagespass@120.970
Text GenerationCRUXEval-Ipass@145.380
Text GenerationCRUXEval-Opass@143.880
Text GenerationMMLUaccuracy70.870
Text GenerationMMLU-Proexact match59.310
Text GenerationBBHexact match74.900
Text GenerationARC-Challengenormalized accuracy53.500
Text GenerationHellaSwagnormalized accuracy73.720
Text GenerationWinoGrandeaccuracy65.510
Text GenerationTruthfulQA MC2MC244.510
Text GenerationGSM8Kexact match81.730
Text GenerationMATHexact match9.960
Text GenerationGPQA Diamondaccuracy31.310
Text GenerationGPQA Mainaccuracy35.040
© 2026 AxForge · EU-hosted AI infrastructure Pricing Docs Trust Privacy Terms