Model reference · open weights

mmlw-e5-small

Available as managed deployment Embeddings sdadas · community Embeddings 1 variants 1k dl/mo

mmlw-e5-small is an open-weight embedding model from sdadas. AxForge deploys and operates it for you on dedicated EU-owned hardware — with the licence handled where one is required.

Available as managed deployment — configured and operated for you on dedicated EU hardware, quoted per deployment.

What it is

Released bysdadas
TypeEmbedding models
TaskEmbeddings
Parameters (lead)118M
Context512 tokens
Runs withsentence-transformers
Released2023-11-17
Popularity1k downloads / month
LicenceOpen weights

About

What mmlw-e5-small is

MMLW (muszę mieć lepszą wiadomość) are neural text encoders for Polish. This is a distilled model that can be used to generate embeddings applicable to many tasks such as semantic similarity, clustering, information retrieval. The model can also serve as a base for further fine-tuning. It transforms texts to 384 dimensional vectors. The model was initialized with multilingual E5 checkpoint, and then trained with multilingual knowledge distillation method on a diverse corpus of 60 million Polish-English text pairs. We utilised English FlagEmbeddings (BGE) as teacher models for distillation.

Read the full model card

Usage (Sentence-Transformers)

⚠️ Our embedding models require the use of specific prefixes and suffixes when encoding texts. For this model, queries should be prefixed with "query: " and passages with "passage: " ⚠️

You can use the model like this with sentence-transformers:

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
from sentence_transformers.util import cos_sim

query_prefix = "query: "
answer_prefix = "passage: "
queries = [query_prefix + "Jak dożyć 100 lat?"]
answers = [
    answer_prefix + "Trzeba zdrowo się odżywiać i uprawiać sport.",
    answer_prefix + "Trzeba pić alkohol, imprezować i jeździć szybkimi autami.",
    answer_prefix + "Gdy trwała kampania politycy zapewniali, że rozprawią się z zakazem niedzielnego handlu."
]
model = SentenceTransformer("sdadas/mmlw-e5-small")
queries_emb = model.encode(queries, convert_to_tensor=True, show_progress_bar=False)
answers_emb = model.encode(answers, convert_to_tensor=True, show_progress_bar=False)

best_answer = cos_sim(queries_emb, answers_emb).argmax().item()
print(answers[best_answer])
# Trzeba zdrowo się odżywiać i uprawiać sport.

Evaluation Results

  • The model achieves an Average Score of 55.84 on the Polish Massive Text Embedding Benchmark (MTEB). See MTEB Leaderboard for detailed results.
  • The model achieves NDCG@10 of 47.64 on the Polish Information Retrieval Benchmark. See PIRB Leaderboard for detailed results.

Acknowledgements

This model was trained with the A100 GPU cluster support delivered by the Gdansk University of Technology within the TASK center initiative.

Citation

@inproceedings{dadas2024pirb,
  title={PIRB: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Polish Dense and Hybrid Text Retrieval Methods},
  author={Dadas, Slawomir and Pere{\l}kiewicz, Micha{\l} and Po{\'s}wiata, Rafa{\l}},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2024 Joint International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-COLING 2024)},
  pages={12761--12774},
  year={2024}
}

From the published model card. Full card on the HuggingFace links in the sidebar.

Benchmarks

Reported results

As published on the model card — the maker's own numbers, not measured by AxForge.

TaskDatasetMetricScore
ClusteringMTEB 8TagsClusteringv_measure31.772
ClassificationMTEB AllegroReviewsaccuracy33.032
ClassificationMTEB AllegroReviewsf129.800
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmap_at_128.805
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmap_at_1045.327
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmap_at_10046.170
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmap_at_100046.177
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmap_at_340.529
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmap_at_543.335
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmrr_at_130.299
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmrr_at_1045.763
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmrr_at_10046.641
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmrr_at_100046.648
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmrr_at_341.074
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLmrr_at_543.837
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLndcg_at_128.805
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLndcg_at_1054.308
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLndcg_at_10057.879
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLndcg_at_100058.048
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLndcg_at_344.502
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLndcg_at_549.519
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLprecision_at_128.805
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLprecision_at_108.286
RetrievalMTEB ArguAna-PLprecision_at_1000.984

Using it via the API

Call it like any OpenAI endpoint

Once AxForge deploys mmlw-e5-small for you, it answers on the OpenAI-compatible API — the same base URL and keys as every other model. (mmlw-e5-small below is illustrative; you get the exact model name on deployment.)

$ curl -sS https://api.axforge.ai/v1/embeddings \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $AXFORGE_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"model":"mmlw-e5-small","input":"text to embed"}'

Create an account — your API key is available in the console. 3M free tokens every 30 days with every new account.

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