DINO-small-for-animal-identification

Model Details

• Base Model: facebook/dinov2-small
• Input: Images (224x224)
• Output: Image embeddings (384-dimensional)
• Task: Individual animal identification and verification

Training Data

The model was trained on a comprehensive dataset combining multiple sources:

• PetFace Dataset: Large-scale animal face dataset with 257,484 unique individuals across 13 animal families
• Web-scraped Data: Additional curated images from various sources

Total Dataset Statistics:

• 1,904,157 total photographs
• 695,091 unique individual animals (cats and dogs)

Training Details

Training Configuration:

• Batch Size: 116 samples (58 unique identities × 2 photos each)
• Optimizer: Adam with learning rate 1e-4
• Training Duration: 10 epochs
• Transfer Learning: Final 5 transformer blocks unfrozen, lower layers frozen to preserve pre-trained features

Loss Function: The model is trained using a combined loss function consisting of:

1. Triplet Loss (margin α=0.45): Encourages separation between different animal identities
2. Intra-Pair Variance Regularization (ε=0.01): Promotes consistency across multiple photos of the same animal

Combined as: L_total = 1.0 × L_triplet + 0.5 × L_var

This approach creates compact feature clusters for each individual animal while maintaining large separation between different identities.

Performance Metrics

The model has been benchmarked against various vision encoders on multiple pet recognition datasets:

DogFaceNet Dataset

Combined Test Dataset (Overall Performance)

Metrics Explanation:

• ROC AUC: Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve - measures the model's ability to distinguish between different individuals
• EER: Equal Error Rate - the error rate where false acceptance and false rejection rates are equal
• Top-K: Accuracy of correct identification within the top K predictions

Basic Usage

Installation

pip install transformers torch pillow

Get Image Embedding

import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from PIL import Image
from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, AutoModel

repo = "AvitoTech/DINO-v2-small-for-animal-identification"
processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained(repo)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(repo).eval()

device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
model = model.to(device)

image = Image.open("your_image.jpg").convert("RGB")

with torch.no_grad():
    inputs = processor(images=[image], return_tensors="pt").to(device)
    embedding = model(**inputs).last_hidden_state[:, 0, :]
    embedding = F.normalize(embedding, dim=1)

print(f"Embedding shape: {embedding.shape}")  # torch.Size([1, 384])

Citation

If you use this model in your research or applications, please cite our work:

@Article{jimaging12010030,
AUTHOR = {Kudryavtsev, Vasiliy and Borodin, Kirill and Berezin, German and Bubenchikov, Kirill and Mkrtchian, Grach and Ryzhkov, Alexander},
TITLE = {From Visual to Multimodal: Systematic Ablation of Encoders and Fusion Strategies in Animal Identification},
JOURNAL = {Journal of Imaging},
VOLUME = {12},
YEAR = {2026},
NUMBER = {1},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {30},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2313-433X/12/1/30},
ISSN = {2313-433X},
ABSTRACT = {Automated animal identification is a practical task for reuniting lost pets with their owners, yet current systems often struggle due to limited dataset scale and reliance on unimodal visual cues. This study introduces a multimodal verification framework that enhances visual features with semantic identity priors derived from synthetic textual descriptions. We constructed a massive training corpus of 1.9 million photographs covering 695,091 unique animals to support this investigation. Through system