Model reference · open weights

dfm-sentence-encoder-large

Available as managed deployment Embeddings KennethEnevoldsen · community Embeddings 1 variants 1k dl/mo

dfm-sentence-encoder-large is an open-weight embedding model from KennethEnevoldsen. AxForge deploys and operates it for you on dedicated EU-owned hardware — with the licence handled where one is required.

Available as managed deployment — configured and operated for you on dedicated EU hardware, quoted per deployment.

What it is

Released byKennethEnevoldsen
TypeEmbedding models
TaskEmbeddings
Parameters (lead)407M
Context512 tokens
Runs withtransformers
Released2023-07-12
Popularity1k downloads / month
LicenceOpen weights

About

What dfm-sentence-encoder-large is

A version of the chcaa/dfm-encoder-large-v1 trained using SimCSE. It was trained as a part of the Scandinavian Embeddings Benchmark to establish a naive baseline for SimCSE.

Read the full model card

Hyperparameters

Trained using the SimCSE implementation with:

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python train.py \
    --train_file data/dfm_paragraphs.txt \ # paragraphs extract from Danish Gigaword
    --model_name_or_path chcaa/dfm-encoder-large-v1 \
    --num_train_epochs 1 \
    --per_device_train_batch_size 128 \
    --learning_rate 1e-5 \
    --max_seq_length 32 \
    --evaluation_strategy steps \
    --metric_for_best_model stsb_spearman \
    --load_best_model_at_end \
    --pooler_type cls \
    --mlp_only_train \
    --do_mlm \
    --overwrite_output_dir \
    --temp 0.05 \
    --do_train \
    --fp16

Citation

To cite this work please refer to the following article:

Enevoldsen, K., Kardos, M., Muennighoff, N., & Nielbo, K. (2024). The Scandinavian Embedding Benchmarks: Comprehensive Assessment of Multilingual and Monolingual Text Embedding. https://openreview.net/forum?id=pJl_i7HIA72

or use the following BibTeX:

@article{enevoldsenScandinavianEmbeddingBenchmarks2024,
	title = {The {Scandinavian} {Embedding} {Benchmarks}: {Comprehensive} {Assessment} of {Multilingual} and {Monolingual} {Text} {Embedding}},
	shorttitle = {The {Scandinavian} {Embedding} {Benchmarks}},
	url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=pJl_i7HIA72},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-04-12},
	author = {Enevoldsen, Kenneth and Kardos, Márton and Muennighoff, Niklas and Nielbo, Kristoffer},
	month = feb,
	year = {2024},
}

From the published model card. Full card on the HuggingFace links in the sidebar.

Using it via the API

Call it like any OpenAI endpoint

Once AxForge deploys dfm-sentence-encoder-large for you, it answers on the OpenAI-compatible API — the same base URL and keys as every other model. (dfm-sentence-encoder-large below is illustrative; you get the exact model name on deployment.)

$ curl -sS https://api.axforge.ai/v1/embeddings \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $AXFORGE_API_KEY" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"model":"dfm-sentence-encoder-large","input":"text to embed"}'

Create an account — your API key is available in the console. 3M free tokens every 30 days with every new account.

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